Technology

Understanding URL Structure: A Complete Guide

Nestict Infotech CSR

02 Oct 2025 — 1 min read

When browsing the internet, every website you visit is accessed through a URL (Uniform Resource Locator). But have you ever wondered what each part of a URL means? Let’s break it down with the help of an illustration and real-world examples.

📌 What is a URL?

A URL is simply the address of a resource on the internet. It tells your browser where to find a website, a file, or any online resource.

Here’s a breakdown of a sample URL:

https://www.example.com:80/file.html?key1=value1&key2=value2#00s0350qt

🔎 Components of a URL

1. Protocol (`https://`)

This defines how the browser should communicate with the server.

http:// → HyperText Transfer Protocol
https:// → Secure version of HTTP (encrypted)

➡️ Example: https://www.google.com

2. Subdomain (`www`)

Subdomains help organize and separate parts of a website.

www is the most common.
Other examples: blog.example.com, shop.example.com

➡️ Example: https://maps.google.com (subdomain: maps)

3. Domain Name (`example.com`)

This is the human-readable address of a website. It usually consists of:

Second-level domain: example
Top-level domain (TLD): .com, .org, .ke

➡️ Example: youtube.com

4. Port (`:80`)

Defines the gateway for communication.

Default for HTTP → 80
Default for HTTPS → 443

Most browsers hide default ports, but custom ones are visible.

➡️ Example: https://localhost:8080 (port 8080 is specified)

5. Path (`/file.html`)

Specifies the location of a file or resource on the server.

➡️ Example: https://www.nytimes.com/section/technology (Path: /section/technology)

6. Query Parameters (`?key1=value1&key2=value2`)

Used to pass data to the server. Often seen in search queries and dynamic pages.

Format: ?key=value
Multiple values separated by &

➡️ Example: https://www.google.com/search?q=nestict+infotech (Query parameter: q=nestict+infotech)

➡️ Example: https://www.amazon.com/s?k=laptops&ref=nb_sb_noss (Multiple parameters: k=laptops and ref=nb_sb_noss)

7. Fragment (`#00s0350qt`)

This points to a specific section of a page (also called an anchor).

➡️ Example: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL#Syntax (Fragment: #Syntax takes you directly to the "Syntax" section)

MICS and FICS Explained Professional Membership Grades of the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers

In the world of global shipping, where cargoes cross oceans and contracts hinge on precision, professional credibility is not optional. It is currency. Among the most respected markers of that credibility are MICS and FICS, two prestigious membership grades awarded by the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers. These post-nominals are not

How to Use the Benefit of the Doubt with 90% Precision (A Data-Driven Life Coaching Guide)

Introduction In complex environments—business operations, leadership, and interpersonal dynamics—decision quality depends on how accurately you interpret intent under uncertainty. The “benefit of the doubt” is often treated as emotional generosity. In reality, it can be engineered into a high-precision cognitive model using structured inputs and probabilistic reasoning. What

How to Upgrade MariaDB on Webuzo Without Losing Your Data

Webuzo doesn't have a one-click MariaDB upgrade like WHM. Here's the safe, manual process to move from an EOL version to the latest — without touching your app data.

A Complete Guide to Installing and Running Applications on Windows

Why C:\ Matters, When It Doesn’t, and How to Do It Right Windows is not a free-range filesystem. It is a carefully zoned city, and stability depends on respecting that map. This guide explains where applications should live, why installing outside C:\ can be risky, and how to design

📌 What is a URL?

🔎 Components of a URL

1. Protocol (https://)

2. Subdomain (www)

3. Domain Name (example.com)

4. Port (:80)

5. Path (/file.html)

6. Query Parameters (?key1=value1&key2=value2)

7. Fragment (#00s0350qt)

Read more