x32 vs x86 vs x64 vs x86_64: What’s the Difference?
Confused about x32, x86, x64, and x86_64? Learn the differences between 32-bit and 64-bit processors, operating systems, and applications. Discover which one you should use in 2025.
Introduction
When downloading software or installing an operating system, you’ll often see terms like x86, x64, or x86_64. Some even mention x32, adding to the confusion. These labels describe processor architectures that determine how your computer handles memory, runs applications, and supports operating systems.
In this guide, we’ll explain the history, differences, and practical uses of x32, x86, x64, and x86_64 so you’ll know exactly which one applies to your system.
1. What Does x86 Mean?
The term x86 originates from Intel’s early processors such as the 8086, 80286, 80386, and 80486. All these processors shared a common architecture, and the family was nicknamed x86.
In today’s usage:
- x86 = 32-bit architecture
- Used in older CPUs and operating systems (Windows XP, early Linux versions).
- Can only access up to 4GB of RAM.
👉 If you see Windows x86, it means the 32-bit version of Windows.
2. What is x32?
The term x32 can be misleading:
- In casual usage, x32 = 32-bit architecture (same as x86).
- In technical Linux environments, x32 ABI is a special system that allows programs to run on 64-bit CPUs while using 32-bit pointers for efficiency.
For most users, x32 = 32-bit.
3. What is x64?
x64 refers to the 64-bit extension of the x86 architecture, originally created by AMD (AMD64) and later adopted by Intel (Intel 64).
Key benefits of x64:
- Supports over 4 GB of RAM (up to exabytes).
- Wider registers for faster performance.
- Runs both 32-bit and 64-bit applications (with compatibility layers).
👉 If your computer is modern, you’re almost certainly running x64.
4. What is x86_64?
x86_64 is simply the technical name for the 64-bit version of x86.
- On Windows, the 64-bit version is usually labeled x64.
- On Linux and macOS, it’s often called x86_64.
In practice, x64 = x86_64.
5. x86 vs x64 vs x86_64: Comparison Table
| Feature | x86 (32-bit) | x64 / x86_64 (64-bit) |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum RAM Support | 4 GB | 16 exabytes (OS-limited) |
| Register Size | 32-bit | 64-bit |
| OS Examples | Windows XP (32-bit), Ubuntu 14.04 (32-bit) | Windows 10/11 (64-bit), Ubuntu 22.04 (x86_64) |
| Software Compatibility | Only 32-bit apps | Both 32-bit & 64-bit apps |
| Performance | Limited by memory | Faster and optimized for modern workloads |
6. Which One Should You Use in 2025?
- Choose x64 (x86_64) → If your computer is modern (released after 2010). Supports more memory and better performance.
- Use x86 (32-bit) → Only if you’re running very old hardware or legacy applications.
- Ignore x32 ABI unless you’re a Linux developer needing specific optimizations.
7. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1. Is x86 the same as 32-bit?
Yes. x86 typically refers to 32-bit architecture.
Q2. Is x64 the same as x86_64?
Yes. Both terms mean 64-bit architecture based on x86. Windows calls it x64, while Linux and macOS often use x86_64.
Q3. Can I run 32-bit software on a 64-bit system?
Yes, most 64-bit operating systems have a compatibility layer that allows 32-bit applications to run.
Q4. Can I install a 64-bit OS on a 32-bit processor?
No. A 32-bit processor cannot handle 64-bit instructions.
Q5. How do I check if my system is x86 or x64?
- On Windows: Open System Information → Look under System Type.
- On Linux/macOS: Run
uname -min the terminal (x86_64 = 64-bit).
Conclusion
The naming conventions x32, x86, x64, and x86_64 may seem confusing, but they all describe the evolution of processor architectures:
- x86 / x32 = 32-bit systems (older, limited to 4GB RAM).
- x64 / x86_64 = 64-bit systems (modern, faster, supports large memory).
If you’re using a computer today, chances are you’re already on x64 (x86_64). Understanding the terminology simply helps you choose the correct software and operating system version for your machine.
