> ## Content Index > Fetch the complete content index at: https://www.blog.nestict.com/llms.txt > Use this file to discover other available public pages before exploring further. # MS Excel: Formulas and Functions - Listed by Category - URL: https://www.blog.nestict.com/ms-excel-formulas-and-functions-listed-by-category/ - Published: 2023-09-09T12:37:48.000Z - Updated: 2025-06-16T07:18:00.000Z - Author: Nestict News Team (CSR) - Tags: Ms Excel, News, Technology, #Migrated-1750058186872, #wp, #wp-post, #Import 2025-06-16 10:16 **Excel formulas and functions** including worksheet functions entered in the formula bar and VBA functions used in Macros. Worksheet formulas are built-in functions that are entered as part of a formula in a cell. These are the most basic functions used when learning Excel. VBA functions are built-in functions that are used in Excel's programming environment called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Below is a list of Excel formulas sorted by category. __Lookup/Ref Functions__ | [ADDRESS (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/address.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a text representation of a cell address | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [AREAS (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/areas.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the number of ranges in a reference | | [CHOOSE (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/choose.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a value from a list of values based on a given position | | [COLUMN (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/column.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the column number of a cell reference | | [COLUMNS (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/columns.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the number of columns in a cell reference | | [HLOOKUP (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/hlookup.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Performs a horizontal lookup by searching for a value in the top row of the table and returning the value in the same column based on the index\_number | | [HYPERLINK (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/hyperlink.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Creates a shortcut to a file or Internet address | | [INDEX (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/index%5Ffunction.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns either the value or the reference to a value from a table or range | | [INDIRECT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/indirect.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the reference to a cell based on its string representation | | [LOOKUP (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/lookup.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a value from a range (one row or one column) or from an array | | [MATCH (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/match.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Searches for a value in an array and returns the relative position of that item | | [OFFSET (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/offset.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a reference to a range that is offset a number of rows and columns | | [ROW (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/row.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the row number of a cell reference | | [ROWS (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/rows.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the number of rows in a cell reference | | [TRANSPOSE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/transpose.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a transposed range of cells | | [VLOOKUP (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/vlookup.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Performs a vertical lookup by searching for a value in the first column of a table and returning the value in the same row in the index\_number position | | [XLOOKUP (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/xlookup.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Performs a lookup (either vertical or horizontal) | __String/Text Functions__ | [ASC (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/asc.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns ASCII value of a character | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [BAHTTEXT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/bahttext.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the number in Thai text | | [CHAR (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/char.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the character based on the ASCII value | | [CHR (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/chr.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the character based on the ASCII value | | [CLEAN (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/clean.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Removes all nonprintable characters from a string | | [CODE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/code.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the ASCII value of a character or the first character in a cell | | [CONCAT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/concat.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to join 2 or more strings together | | [CONCATENATE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/concatenate.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to join 2 or more strings together (replaced by CONCAT Function) | | [CONCATENATE with & (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/concat2.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to join 2 or more strings together using the & operator | | [DOLLAR (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/dollar.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a number to text, using a currency format | | [EXACT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/exact.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Compares two strings and returns TRUE if both values are the same | | [FIND (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/find.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the location of a substring in a string (case-sensitive) | | [FIXED (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/fixed.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a text representation of a number rounded to a specified number of decimal places | | [FORMAT STRINGS (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/format%5Fstring.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Takes a string expression and returns it as a formatted string | | [INSTR (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/instr.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the position of the first occurrence of a substring in a string | | [INSTRREV (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/instrrev.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the position of the first occurrence of a string in another string, starting from the end of the string | | [LCASE (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/lcase.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a string to lowercase | | [LEFT (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/left.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Extract a substring from a string, starting from the left-most character | | [LEN (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/len.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the length of the specified string | | [LOWER (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/lower.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts all letters in the specified string to lowercase | | [LTRIM (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/ltrim.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Removes leading spaces from a string | | [MID (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/mid.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Extracts a substring from a string (starting at any position) | | [NUMBERVALUE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/numbervalue.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a text to a number specifying the decimal and group separators | | [PROPER (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/proper.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Sets the first character in each word to uppercase and the rest to lowercase | | [REPLACE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/replace.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Replaces a sequence of characters in a string with another set of characters | | [REPLACE (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/replace%5Fvba.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Replaces a sequence of characters in a string with another set of characters | | [REPT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/rept.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a repeated text value a specified number of times | | [RIGHT (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/right.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Extracts a substring from a string starting from the right-most character | | [RTRIM (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/rtrim.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Removes trailing spaces from a string | | [SEARCH (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/search.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the location of a substring in a string | | [SPACE (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/space.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a string with a specified number of spaces | | [SPLIT (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/split.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to split a string into substrings based on a delimiter | | [STR (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/str.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a string representation of a number | | [STRCOMP (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/strcomp.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns an integer value representing the result of a string comparison | | [STRCONV (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/strconv.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a string converted to uppercase, lowercase, proper case or Unicode | | [STRREVERSE (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/strreverse.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a string whose characters are in reverse order | | [SUBSTITUTE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/substitute.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Replaces a set of characters with another | | [T (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/t.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the text referred to by a value | | [TEXT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/text.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a value converted to text with a specified format | | [TEXTJOIN (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/textjoin.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to join 2 or more strings together separated by a delimiter | | [TRIM (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/trim.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a text value with the leading and trailing spaces removed | | [UCASE (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/ucase.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a string to all uppercase | | [UNICHAR (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/unichar.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the Unicode character based on the Unicode number provided | | [UNICODE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/unicode.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the Unicode number of a character or the first character in a string | | [UPPER (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/upper.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Convert text to all uppercase | | [VAL (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/val.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the numbers found in a string | | [VALUE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/value.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a text value that represents a number to a number | __Date/Time Functions__ | [DATE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/date.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the serial date value for a date | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [DATE (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/date%5Fvba.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the current system date | | [DATEADD (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/dateadd.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a date after which a certain time/date interval has been added | | [DATEDIF (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/datedif.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the difference between two date values, based on the interval specified | | [DATEDIFF (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/datediff.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the difference between two date values, based on the interval specified | | [DATEPART (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/datepart.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a specified part of a given date | | [DATESERIAL (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/dateserial.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a date given a year, month, and day value | | [DATEVALUE (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/datevalue.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the serial number of a date | | [DAY (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/day.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the day of the month (a number from 1 to 31) given a date value | | [DAYS (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/days.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the number of days between 2 dates | | [DAYS360 (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/days360.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year | | [EDATE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/edate.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Adds a specified number of months to a date and returns the result as a serial date | | [EOMONTH (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/eomonth.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Calculates the last day of the month after adding a specified number of months to a date | | [FORMAT DATES (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/format%5Fdate.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Takes a date expression and returns it as a formatted string | | [HOUR (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/hour.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the hours (a number from 0 to 23) from a time value | | [ISOWEEKNUM (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/isoweeknum.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the ISO week number for a date | | [MINUTE (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/minute.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the minutes (a number from 0 to 59) from a time value | | [MONTH (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/month.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the month (a number from 1 to 12) given a date value | | [MONTHNAME (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/monthname.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a string representing the month given a number from 1 to 12 | | [NETWORKDAYS (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/networkdays.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the number of work days between 2 dates, excluding weekends and holidays | | [NETWORKDAYS.INTL (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/networkdays%5Fintl.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the number of work days between 2 dates, excluding weekends and holidays | | [NOW (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/now.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the current system date and time | | [SECOND (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/second.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the seconds (a number from 0 to 59) from a time value | | [TIME (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/time.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a decimal number given an hour, minute and second value | | [TIMESERIAL (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/timeserial.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a time given an hour, minute, and second value | | [TIMEVALUE (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/timevalue.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the serial number of a time | | [TODAY (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/today.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the current system date | | [WEEKDAY (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/weekday.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a number representing the day of the week, given a date value | | [WEEKDAYNAME (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/weekdayname.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a string representing the day of the week given a number from 1 to 7 | | [WEEKNUM (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/weeknum.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the week number for a date | | [WORKDAY (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/workday.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Adds a specified number of work days to a date and returns the result as a serial date | | [WORKDAY.INTL (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/workday%5Fintl.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Adds a specified number of work days to a date and returns the result as a serial date (customizable weekends) | | [YEAR (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/year.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a four-digit year (a number from 1900 to 9999) given a date value | | [YEARFRAC (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/yearfrac.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the number of days between 2 dates as a year fraction | __Math/Trig Functions__ | [ABS (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/abs.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the absolute value of a number | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [ACOS (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/acos.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the arccosine (in radians) of a number | | [ACOSH (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/acosh.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number | | [AGGREGATE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/aggregate.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Apply functions such AVERAGE, SUM, COUNT, MAX or MIN and ignore errors or hidden rows | | [ASIN (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/asin.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the arcsine (in radians) of a number | | [ASINH (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/asinh.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number | | [ATAN (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/atan.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the arctangent (in radians) of a number | | [ATAN2 (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/atan2.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the arctangent (in radians) of (x,y) coordinates | | [ATANH (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/atanh.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number | | [ATN (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/atn.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the arctangent of a number | | [CEILING (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/ceiling.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a number rounded up based on a multiple of significance | | [CEILING.PRECISE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/ceiling%5Fprecise.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a number rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance | | [COMBIN (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/combin.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the number of combinations for a specified number of items | | [COMBINA (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/combina.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the number of combinations for a specified number of items and includes repetitions | | [COS (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/cos.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the cosine of an angle | | [COSH (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/cosh.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number | | [DEGREES (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/degrees.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts radians into degrees | | [EVEN (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/even.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer | | [EXP (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/exp.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns e raised to the nth power | | [FACT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/fact.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the factorial of a number | | [FIX (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/fix.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the integer portion of a number | | [FLOOR (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/floor.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a number rounded down based on a multiple of significance | | [FORMAT NUMBERS (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/format%5Fnumber.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Takes a numeric expression and returns it as a formatted string | | [INT (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/int.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the integer portion of a number | | [LN (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/ln.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the natural logarithm of a number | | [LOG (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/log.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base | | [LOG (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/log%5Fvba.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the natural logarithm of a number | | [LOG10 (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/log10.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number | | [MDETERM (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/mdeterm.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the matrix determinant of an array | | [MINVERSE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/minverse.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the inverse matrix for a given matrix | | [MMULT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/mmult.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the matrix product of two arrays | | [MOD (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/mod.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor | | [MOD (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/mod%5Fvba.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor | | [ODD (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/odd.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer | | [PI (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/pi.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the mathematical constant called pi | | [POWER (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/power.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the result of a number raised to a given power | | [PRODUCT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/product.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Multiplies the numbers and returns the product | | [RADIANS (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/radians.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts degrees into radians | | [RAND (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/rand.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a random number that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1 | | [RANDBETWEEN (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/randbetween.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a random number that is between a bottom and top range | | [RANDOMIZE (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/randomize.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to change the seed value used by the random number generator for the RND function | | [RND (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/rnd.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to generate a random number (integer value) | | [ROMAN (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/roman.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a number to roman numeral | | [ROUND (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/round.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a number rounded to a specified number of digits | | [ROUND (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/round%5Fvba.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a number rounded to a specified number of digits | | [ROUNDDOWN (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/rounddown.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a number rounded down to a specified number of digits | | [ROUNDUP (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/roundup.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a number rounded up to a specified number of digits | | [SGN (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/sgn.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the sign of a number | | [SIGN (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/sign.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the sign of a number | | [SIN (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/sin.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the sine of an angle | | [SINH (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/sinh.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number | | [SQR (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/sqr.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the square root of a number | | [SQRT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/sqrt.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the square root of a number | | [SUBTOTAL (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/subtotal.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the subtotal of the numbers in a column in a list or database | | [SUM (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/sum.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Adds all numbers in a range of cells | | [SUMIF (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/sumif.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Adds all numbers in a range of cells based on one criteria | | [SUMIFS (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/sumifs.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Adds all numbers in a range of cells, based on a single or multiple criteria | | [SUMPRODUCT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/sumproduct.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Multiplies the corresponding items in the arrays and returns the sum of the results | | [SUMSQ (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/sumsq.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the sum of the squares of a series of values | | [SUMX2MY2 (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/sumx2my2.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the sum of the difference of squares between two arrays | | [SUMX2PY2 (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/sumx2py2.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the sum of the squares of corresponding items in the arrays | | [SUMXMY2 (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/sumxmy2.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the sum of the squares of the differences between corresponding items in the arrays | | [TAN (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/tan.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the tangent of an angle | | [TANH (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/tanh.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number | | [TRUNC (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/trunc.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a number truncated to a specified number of digits | __Statistical Functions__ | [AVEDEV (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/avedev.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the average of the absolute deviations of the numbers provided | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [AVERAGE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/average.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the average of the numbers provided | | [AVERAGEA (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/averagea.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the average of the numbers provided and treats TRUE as 1 and FALSE as 0 | | [AVERAGEIF (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/averageif.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the average of all numbers in a range of cells, based on a given criteria | | [AVERAGEIFS (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/averageifs.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the average of all numbers in a range of cells, based on multiple criteria | | [BETA.DIST (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/beta%5Fdist.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the beta distribution | | [BETA.INV (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/beta%5Finv.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta probability density function | | [BETADIST (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/betadist.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the cumulative beta probability density function | | [BETAINV (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/betainv.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta probability density function | | [BINOM.DIST (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/binom%5Fdist.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability | | [BINOM.INV (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/binom%5Finv.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a criterion | | [BINOMDIST (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/binomdist.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability | | [CHIDIST (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/chidist.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution | | [CHIINV (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/chiinv.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution | | [CHITEST (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/chitest.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the value from the chi-squared distribution | | [COUNT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/count.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Counts the number of cells that contain numbers as well as the number of arguments that contain numbers | | [COUNTA (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/counta.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Counts the number of cells that are not empty as well as the number of value arguments provided | | [COUNTBLANK (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/countblank.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Counts the number of empty cells in a range | | [COUNTIF (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/countif.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Counts the number of cells in a range, that meets a given criteria | | [COUNTIFS (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/countifs.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Counts the number of cells in a range, that meets a single or multiple criteria | | [COVAR (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/covar.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the covariance, the average of the products of deviations for two data sets | | [FORECAST (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/forecast.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a prediction of a future value based on existing values provided | | [FREQUENCY (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/frequency.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns how often values occur within a set of data. It returns a vertical array of numbers | | [GROWTH (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/growth.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the predicted exponential growth based on existing values provided | | [INTERCEPT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/intercept.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the y-axis intersection point of a line using x-axis values and y-axis values | | [LARGE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/large.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the nth largest value from a set of values | | [LINEST (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/linest.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Uses the least squares method to calculate the statistics for a straight line and returns an array describing that line | | [MAX (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/max.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the largest value from the numbers provided | | [MAXA (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/maxa.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the largest value from the values provided (numbers, text and logical values) | | [MAXIFS (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/maxifs.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the largest value in a range, that meets a single or multiple criteria | | [MEDIAN (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/median.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the median of the numbers provided | | [MIN (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/min.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the smallest value from the numbers provided | | [MINA (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/mina.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the smallest value from the values provided (numbers, text and logical values) | | [MINIFS (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/minifs.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the smallest value in a range, that meets a single or multiple criteria | | [MODE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/mode.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns most frequently occurring number | | [MODE.MULT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/mode%5Fmult.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring numbers | | [MODE.SNGL (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/mode%5Fsngl.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns most frequently occurring number | | [PERCENTILE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/percentile.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the nth percentile from a set of values | | [PERCENTRANK (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/percentrank.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the nth percentile from a set of values | | [PERMUT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/permut.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the number of permutations for a specified number of items | | [QUARTILE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/quartile.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the quartile from a set of values | | [RANK (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/rank.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the rank of a number within a set of numbers | | [SLOPE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/slope.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the slope of a regression line based on the data points identified by known\_y\_values and known\_x\_values | | [SMALL (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/small.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the nth smallest value from a set of values | | [STDEV (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/stdev.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of numbers | | [STDEVA (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/stdeva.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of numbers, text, and logical values | | [STDEVP (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/stdevp.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the standard deviation of a population based on an entire population of numbers | | [STDEVPA (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/stdevpa.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the standard deviation of a population based on an entire population of numbers, text, and logical values | | [VAR (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/var.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the variance of a population based on a sample of numbers | | [VARA (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/vara.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the variance of a population based on a sample of numbers, text, and logical values | | [VARP (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/varp.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the variance of a population based on an entire population of numbers | | [VARPA (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/varpa.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the variance of a population based on an entire population of numbers, text, and logical values | __Logical Functions__ | [AND (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/and.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [AND (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/and%5Fvba.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE | | [CASE (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/case.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Has the functionality of an IF-THEN-ELSE statement | | [FALSE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/false.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a logical value of FALSE | | [FOR...NEXT (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/for%5Fnext.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to create a FOR LOOP | | [IF (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/if.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns one value if the condition is TRUE or another value if the condition is FALSE | | [IF (more than 7) (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/macros/if%5Fcustom.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Nest more than 7 IF functions | | [IF (up to 7) (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/if%5Fnested.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Nest up to 7 IF functions | | [IF-THEN-ELSE (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/if%5Fthen.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a value if a specified condition evaluates to TRUE or another value if it evaluates to FALSE | | [IFERROR (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/iferror.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to return an alternate value if a formula results in an error | | [IFNA (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/ifna.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to return an alternate value if a formula results in #N/A error | | [IFS (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/ifs.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Specify multiple IF conditions within 1 function | | [NOT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/not.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the reversed logical value | | [OR (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/or.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns TRUE if any of the conditions are TRUE | | [OR (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/or%5Fvba.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns TRUE if any of the conditions are TRUE | | [SWITCH (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/switch%5Fws.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Compares an expression to a list of values and returns the corresponding result | | [SWITCH (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/switch.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Evaluates a list of expressions and returns the corresponding value for the first expression in the list that is TRUE | | [TRUE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/true.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns a logical value of TRUE | | [WHILE...WEND (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/while%5Fwend.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to create a WHILE LOOP | __Information Functions__ | [CELL (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/cell.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to retrieve information about a cell such as contents, formatting, size, etc. | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [ENVIRON (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/environ.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the value of an operating system environment variable | | [ERROR.TYPE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/error%5Ftype.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the numeric representation of an Excel error | | [INFO (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/info.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns information about the operating environment | | [ISBLANK (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/isblank.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to check for blank or null values | | [ISDATE (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/isdate.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns TRUE if the expression is a valid date | | [ISEMPTY (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/isempty.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to check for blank cells or uninitialized variables | | [ISERR (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/iserr.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to check for error values except #N/A | | [ISERROR (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/iserror.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to check for error values | | [ISLOGICAL (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/islogical.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to check for a logical value (TRUE or FALSE) | | [ISNA (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/isna.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to check for #N/A error | | [ISNONTEXT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/isnontext.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to check for a value that is not text | | [ISNULL (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/isnull.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to check for a NULL value | | [ISNUMBER (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/isnumber.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to check for a numeric value | | [ISNUMERIC (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/isnumeric.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to check for a numeric value | | [ISREF (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/isref.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to check for a reference | | [ISTEXT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/istext.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to check for a text value | | [N (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/n.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a value to a number | | [NA (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/na.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the #N/A error value | | [TYPE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/type.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the type of a value | __Financial Functions__ | [ACCRINT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/accrint.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest on a periodic basis | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [ACCRINTM (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/accrintm.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity | | [AMORDEGRC (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/amordegrc.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the linear depreciation of an asset for each accounting period, on a prorated basis | | [AMORLINC (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/amorlinc.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the depreciation of an asset for each accounting period, on a prorated basis | | [DB (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/db.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the depreciation of an asset based on the fixed-declining balance method | | [DDB (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/ddb.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the depreciation of an asset based on the double-declining balance method | | [FV (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/fv.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the future value of an investment | | [IPMT (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/ipmt.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the interest payment for an investment | | [IRR (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/irr.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows | | [ISPMT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/ispmt.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the interest payment for an investment | | [MIRR (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/mirr.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the modified internal rate of return for a series of cash flows | | [NPER (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/nper.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the number of periods for an investment | | [NPV (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/npv.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the net present value of an investment | | [PMT (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/pmt.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the payment amount for a loan | | [PPMT (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/ppmt.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the payment on the principal for a particular payment | | [PV (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/pv.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the present value of an investment | | [RATE (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/rate.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the interest rate for an annuity | | [SLN (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/sln.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the depreciation of an asset based on the straight-line depreciation method | | [SYD (WS, VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/syd.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the depreciation of an asset based on the sum-of-years' digits depreciation method | | [VDB (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/vdb.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the depreciation of an asset based on a variable declining balance depreciation method | | [XIRR (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/xirr.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows that may not be periodic | __Database Functions__ | [DAVERAGE (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/daverage.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Averages all numbers in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | [DCOUNT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/dcount.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the number of cells in a column or database that contains numeric values and meets a given criteria | | [DCOUNTA (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/dcounta.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the number of cells in a column or database that contains nonblank values and meets a given criteria | | [DGET (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/dget.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Retrieves from a database a single record that matches a given criteria | | [DMAX (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/dmax.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the largest number in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria | | [DMIN (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/dmin.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the smallest number in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria | | [DPRODUCT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/dproduct.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the product of the numbers in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria | | [DSTDEV (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/dstdev.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of numbers | | [DSTDEVP (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/dstdevp.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the standard deviation of a population based on the entire population of numbers | | [DSUM (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/dsum.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Sums the numbers in a column or database that meets a given criteria | | [DVAR (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/dvar.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the variance of a population based on a sample of numbers | | [DVARP (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/dvarp.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the variance of a population based on the entire population of numbers | __Engineering Functions__ | [BIN2DEC (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/bin2dec.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a binary number to a decimal number | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [BIN2HEX (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/bin2hex.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a binary number to a hexadecimal number | | [BIN2OCT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/bin2oct.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a binary number to an octal number | | [COMPLEX (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/complex.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts coefficients (real and imaginary) into a complex number | | [CONVERT (WS)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/convert.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Convert a number from one measurement unit to another measurement unit | __File/Directory Functions__ | [CHDIR (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/chdir.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to change the current directory or folder | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [CHDRIVE (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/chdrive.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to change the current drive | | [CURDIR (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/curdir.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the current path | | [DIR (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/dir.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the first filename that matches the pathname and attributes specified | | [FILEDATETIME (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/filedatetime.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the date and time of when a file was created or last modified | | [FILELEN (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/filelen.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns the size of a file in bytes | | [GETATTR (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/getattr.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Returns an integer that represents the attributes of a file, folder, or directory | | [MKDIR (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/mkdir.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to create a new folder or directory | | [SETATTR (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/setattr.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Used to set the attributes of a file | __Data Type Conv. Functions__ | [CBOOL (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/cbool.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a value to a boolean | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | | [CBYTE (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/cbyte.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a value to a byte (ie: number between 0 and 255) | | [CCUR (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/ccur.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a value to currency | | [CDATE (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/cdate.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a value to a date | | [CDBL (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/cdbl.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a value to a double | | [CDEC (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/cdec.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a value to a decimal number | | [CINT (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/cint.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a value to an integer | | [CLNG (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/clng.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a value to a long integer | | [CSNG (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/csng.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a value to a single-precision number | | [CSTR (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/cstr.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a value to a string | | [CVAR (VBA)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/cvar.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) | Converts a value to a variant | ## More Lookup Functions [Two-Dimensional Lookup (Example #1)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/2d%5Flookup.php?ref=blog.nestict.com)[Two-Dimensional Lookup (Example #2)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/2d%5Flookup2.php?ref=blog.nestict.com)[Two-Dimensional Lookup (Example #3)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/2d%5Flookup3.php?ref=blog.nestict.com)[Two-Dimensional Lookup (Example #4)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/2d%5Flookup4.php?ref=blog.nestict.com) ## Other [Convert currency into words](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/curr%5Fto%5Fwords.php?ref=blog.nestict.com)[Convert number into words](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/number%5Fto%5Fwords.php?ref=blog.nestict.com)[Insert a double quote in a formula](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/insert%5Fdouble%5Fquote.php?ref=blog.nestict.com)[Test a string for an alphanumeric value](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/alphanumeric.php?ref=blog.nestict.com)[How to Autonumber in Excel](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/autonumber.php?ref=blog.nestict.com)[Delimit values with ASCII 29 character](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/questions/ascii29.php?ref=blog.nestict.com)[Creating a custom round function](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/customround.php?ref=blog.nestict.com)[Creating a custom average function (that excludes outlyers from the calculation)](https://www.techonthenet.com/excel/formulas/customaverage.php?ref=blog.nestict.com)